十二 11 2009
Archive for the '现实的边缘' Category
八 22 2009
一名大学生的家教求职之路
【按】这篇本应该是给实习单位写的稿件,因为各种原因一直没有机会发出来,前几天索性从优盘拿出来,改了改发到一五一十部落了,让人意想不到的是,报童还让它上了“头条”,那里一天的点击率比我博客1个月的还要高,很是感谢。这里再发一次,以作存档,其实我更希望艾美他们能够看到,作为旁观者,我用啰嗦繁复的语言记录下了他们一天的行踪,不知道这是否符合他们所想象的真实情况。
说说收获吧,在这次跟踪采访中,从确定受访对象、接触认识到无所不谈,我经历从课本到实践的转变,当然了这次接触的是同龄人群体,不管从哪个方面来说,我们所经历过这个社会的磨练应该都是一样。最重要的收获是,真切地感受到一个家庭对孩子教育的懈怠与困惑,个例以不同的方式普遍存在,个案也就成了普遍问题。,继而成为社会问题。一想起与“网瘾”有关的新闻、专家父母们的肺腑之言我就忍不住破口大骂。幸好在柴静的《新闻调查》8月16日那期《网瘾之戒》中,我看到一种遮蔽多年的常识即将被擦去灰尘的迹象,柴静的三叹以及受访女孩边哭边否定自己真实想法的场景,让我印象深刻。
一名大学生的家教求职之路
文/icarian
沙坪坝区午后的街道里,热度攀升,马路上的车辆川流不息,偶有一辆公交车呼啸而过,为人行道上的人们带来一阵夹杂着汽油味的凉风。对于艾美来说,这也抵挡不住炎炎夏日中扑面而来的热浪侵袭。这是下午3点50分的沙坪坝树人小学,树阴下手持纸版的大学生站在花台旁,他们站立的队伍井然有序,从过街天桥的上行扶梯延伸到了人民医院门诊部门口的公交站台旁,他们的目光随着过往的人群游移,脸上布满焦灼的神情。“今天人还不是很多,午后天气有些热,大家都不愿意出来”,艾美一边用手把凌乱的发梢拨正一边疲惫的说道。
“我突然有了一种危机感”
艾美是重庆师范大学07级数学专业的学生,7月初考试结束,她在家呆了十来天后就返回了学校。“在家呆不住,知道同学放假还在外面找工作,突然有了一种危机感”。
她双手把一张用红笔写有“数学”二字的作业本纸拉撑,对着过往的行人展示,纸面不是很大但很平整,看得出来她的双手在用力。“我前天才到这里的,来的匆忙,所以就只能随便找张纸写了”。
学生们手持的广告纸大多都是用一张白纸手写而成,另外也有用电脑的大号字体打印出来,在读学校、所教科目、教育经历都是他们纸板上的关键词,其中不乏别出心裁的设计——在纸板旁附带了个人在校成绩、获奖经历以及学生证明的复印件。“在较短时间内,用获奖证明的事实打消他们的顾虑,就能获得更多的关注与选择的机会”,艾美解释道,这样的精心设计能够吸引有名校情结的家长,同时也为大学生的专业能力做一个间接证明。
相比较而言,艾美仓促的准备,使得她站在队伍中有一种形式上的窘迫,手上薄薄的一张纸有点相形见绌。“不怕,反正能力不是靠一张纸就能够证明了的,我有能力我就能够把它展现出来”。
一个身着浅蓝色短袖T恤、暗灰色七分短裤,扎着马尾辫的女生,她的自信让她在队伍中的形象稍显不同,有一种与周围不一样的气质凸显了出来。
半天漫长的等待:差点找到了
“其实,早上我刚过来的时候,就差点有一个‘Offer’了”,她手上的小纸片随着兴奋扬起的声音舞动起来。“要不是因为那个学姐表现得非常热情主动,把我的活儿‘抢’了,我现在就有一份家教工作了”。
当说到“抢”字的时候,她脸上笑靥如花,紧皱的眉头舒展开来,刚刚兴奋的情绪马上变为想要急切的表达,完全没有疲惫不堪的样子。
“学姐大四了,早上我和她站在这里的,有一个阿姨朝我这边过来询问,问到我的专业能力和家教经历时我没说完,打了个咯噔,学姐就把话接过去,后来就直接拉着阿姨走了。”
她说完这番话后,轻微的摇了下头、努了努嘴、若有所思状,继而眼睛紧随路人的身影,充满了一种渴望与期待。
她又进入了漫长等待中了。
这时恰好旁边不远处,有个家长在一个男生面前停了下来,看了看他手中的纸板,准备询问一些事宜,周围等待的五、六个学生迅速围了上去,七嘴八舌见针插缝地在两人对话中自我介绍。此时正是下午4点50分了,马路表面积蓄了一天的热量开始蒸腾,笔直的纸面,像烈日下的花儿一样蔫了,没有被关注的学生纷纷坐到花台边上休息,艾美望了望那个围起来的圈,“我还是再等一会吧,再等一会看看有没有人呢”。
又过了2个小时,期间艾美站立的姿态近乎直立,那张小纸片也一直保持着平整的样式,艾美再没有等到一个家长过来询问,晚上7点,她离开了树人小学。
颇具戏剧性的结局:“我还要继续寻找”
第二天早上8点半,艾美就到了她的“地儿”,这次她把昨天的小纸片换成了一张更大一些的白纸,上面用醒目的颜色笔写了“重师、家教、初中数学”几个字。
早晨的太阳在稀薄的云层中呼之欲出,树人小学校园边的人行道上,早到的学生稀稀拉拉地站着,显然更多的学生不是放弃了就是在赶来的路上,艾美还是站到了她昨天呆的位置,她把白纸展开,面对着同样稀稀拉拉走过地行人。
刚过9点,她就遇到一个咨询的家长,很顺利,在经过简单协商后,那位阿姨就与她定下了初步的协议,随后双方交换了联系方式,艾美成功找到了第一位雇主。“阿姨让我第二天下午去家里试讲,因为她没来得及给她儿子交代为他找家教得事,所以晚上要回去通报一声”,此时她的话语中透露出轻松愉悦的心情。
在她找到第一个雇主之后,周围的学生逐渐多了起来,行人道上的路人脚步匆匆,此时正是早晨上班的高峰期。刚过10点,又有一个家长在闲庭信步中站到了她得面前。
“你教的朗格嘛?”
“叔叔,你放心我专业就是数学,还是师范类的,本来就是教书,我有这个专业优势的嘛。”
“那你教过小学数学没得?”
“叔叔,这个你也放心,我能教初中数学的嘛,小学也没问题得。”
几句对话之后,站在艾美身边的学生也坐不住了,身边凑上来两三个,他们开始询问那位家长的需要,并且介绍自己。这时,艾美的朋友殷印也走过来了,艾美和他是初中就认识的同学,在重庆科技学院机械学院就读的殷印也在假期中寻找家教工作。
艾美和家长协商着薪水与时间安排,一切看起来都很顺利的样子。最后,这位家长要求她先去家里看看他孩子情况。艾美迟疑了一下,和殷印商量了一会儿,就答应了这位家长的请求。“如果是一个人的话,我肯定不敢跟他一起走”。
一刻钟之后,艾美和殷印就见到了那个孩子,“他都五年级了,过了这个暑假就升六年级,学习还是不得行,特别是数学”,那位自称姓汪的男性家长为艾美和殷印倒了两杯水说道。“没有的,小孩子都是这样过来的嘛,只要找到兴趣点,用心学都会好起来的”,殷印安慰汪叔叔。
“小弟,把你的数学教科书和练习测拿给我看哈”,艾美没顾得上喝水,起身随着汪叔叔的孩子走进了他的卧室。
半个多小时之后,小弟出来换了一只笔,殷印跟着他也进去了。
11点30分,来到汪叔叔家刚好一个小时,汪叔叔的孩子、艾美、殷印他们三个一起从卧室中出来,“叔叔,小弟喜欢我朋友殷印教,他说他教得比我要好懂一些”,艾美平静地和汪叔叔说道。“那你觉得怎么样嘛,听得懂么?”,汪叔叔搂着刚坐到他身边的孩子问。他害羞地指了指殷印点了点头没有说话。“其实我觉得让一个男娃儿来教比较好,家教思维不一样,只要他喜欢听,讲的课听得懂就好了”汪叔叔的妻子李阿姨插了句话。
“那就这样嘛,早上还是下午,教多长时间,看你方便嘛,只要让娃儿听懂就好喽。那你明天再过来嘛”,殷印和汪叔叔交换联系方式,就一些具体事宜进行沟通,很快我们离开了汪叔叔家,
“我还是只想教初中生,感觉小学数学会把方法教复杂了,怕小孩听不懂啊”,艾美嘴角微微上扬,放弃了这次可以随意安排家教时间的工作机会。她的朋友殷印今天收获颇丰,已经有手握两个雇主的Offer了。
“没得啥子的,明天我还要过来看哈,还要找一两个才行,如果早上那个阿姨那边不行了,还可以有缓冲的”。艾美和殷印交谈过后,决定返回大学城吃午饭。
中午12点,烈日当头,毒辣的阳光直射下来,汗流浃背的两人穿过马路,走向一个公交车站台。
附手记:
我在跟随艾美进入一个家庭了解情况,发现两位家长对孩子成长的关注只有在成绩高挂红灯的时候才会警觉,可能我这话也说得过于武断,但与孩子的父母交谈之后,直观给我的感受就是这样。那位孩子才5年级,自从上小学以来,机会寒暑假期、双休日都在家教中度过,问其原因,居然是成绩从小不好,所以假期找老师来补补,交谈期间,两位孩子的父母一直喃喃自语“是不是孩子的智商不好”(可能这也是他们想找到的“原因”),这种所谓“笨鸟先飞”的教育方式让我很困惑。再深入了解,发现这个家庭的氛围基本上没有读书的习惯,送孩子上学只是为了不让孩子闲着,他们从没有对自己的孩子做过较为长久的规划,只是觉得到年龄了就该读书,在校成绩不好,假期就得补习。
想起一直在关注的网瘾问题,我更坚定了自己的看法:网瘾问题的社会性实质上是家庭教育造成的。
我很担心这个孩子在以后会沉湎于网络游戏,从他的父母口中得知,这个孩子已经在家躲着他们玩游戏,只是现在年龄尚小,如果他们还不重视孩子的内心想法,不把更多的注意力投向孩子的话,6年之后,他们会将孩子送到杨永信的“网瘾戒除中心”么?
四 04 2009
凤凰周刊:中越战争三十年
昨天下午,在组织饭局等待人齐的间隙,我手机收到腾讯发过来的增值服务短信息,我赫然看到一条:追忆越战纪念逝去的军人。在令人肃然起敬的同时我也看到了腾讯在商业时代中的赤裸裸本质:回复哀思到XXXX,你的祝福与祭奠将会贴在XXXX。
还好我们有报纸,有媒体。历史的草稿会在后人的不断修改中成型,细节、事实组装成近似的真子儿媳,不过,他们去南京工作了,楼上则是她一个人照看两个孙女的地方。本分工作外,我有个习惯——收集容器,这非职相。不断的修改出于他们对那个时代的理解和当代的局限。恰好,前几天我在书店翻到了最新一期的《凤凰周刊》,封面的压底图片让人感觉是一部商业战争大片如期而至。不得不说,片子拍得好,图P得不错。
中越战争三十年:战地摄影师影像传奇战史。
追忆战争,文字的叙述只有靠读者在以往相似文本上取得的阅读能力与想象力,才能解构惨烈景象后的人性、环境、冲突与纷争。那么图片呢,来自战地一线的摄影,已然跨越了文字叙述带给人理解力上的障碍,直观、坦诚。说说这个专题吧。
不容置疑的是,图片在整篇专题里是占有绝对主导地位,文字往往只是为了配合这些图片。在《北回归线上的疤痕》中,记者的报道线索是按退伍老兵们的生活叙述展开的,彼时:怀抱保家卫国雄心壮志、端起长枪长途奔袭,迅速集结在某地等待命令等待冲锋等待拿下要地;此时:国家经济发展得欣欣向荣,活下来的老兵们期待低保能够解决生活的困窘。战争结束三十年之后,面对国家翻天覆地的变化,退伍老兵的政策,他们一边在日常生活当中挣扎一边自己又困惑不已,却没有人给出答案。那场战争,为什么?
在看参战者徐良、周忠富、刘英、黄跃、谢明、田凤来的六篇报道时,觉得很压抑,每个人的生活轨迹因为战争发生的进程改变,变得完全不一样。谢明因为莫名其妙的原因,本来应该转业到公向,随即问个老太太附近有房子出租么,热情的她告诉我她家就有待租的房子,却又警觉的问我租这处干什么。还能干什么,安局时居然档案消失,变成一个没有任何文件证明的“黑户”,他是这六位参战者中唯一的军官;刘英,战地卫生员,在一场战争中目睹救助中的生者变为死者的职业,她也是这六位受访参战者中唯一的女性,在汶川地杆外已经飘起了雨。盆子在阳台的右角,雨水先落在窗前铁栏杆再顺着花草的叶脉滴到盆子的土壤里。吮吸起左手的西红柿,震里,她和她的家人死里逃生,我感觉这里似乎是记者有意安排的情节,为了某种寓意的表达吧;徐良,这是中越战争中被塑造成英雄形象的人物,他蹲守在猫耳洞因脚部中弹被抬下战场,而后左腿截肢,依靠着拐杖他走遍了学校与事业单位,做了无数场英模报告,时人都把徐良当成了偶像、英雄。87年的春晚上,一首《血染的风采》成就了徐浪的军人形象,他也在很大程度上满足了当时人们崇拜英雄、表达爱国之情的情绪发泄。徐良也是他们六个人当中现在混得最好的一位。
我猜,因为图片而受感动的人不少,但有可能大家都不知道这篇专题中的图片是谁拍的——王红(点击进入)。此人在战场上身负重伤,拍出了如此纪实传神的作品,真让人唏嘘。
此前,我曾写过一个帖子,叙述了一些我曾通过上辈知道的故事。我的老家距离最近的战场麻栗坡也仅仅数十公里,所以看到这本专题我毫无犹豫的买下了,虽然我曾在这里看过他们的大多数图片背后的故事。记得第一次看到这些图片时,是在去年冬日某期的南方周末·摄影版上,彼时的心潮澎湃定是不能和现在相比的。
死者安息,虽魂未能归于故里,那份激荡的理想与热血我们却能在追忆时,一点点想起。
P.S:直到我翻开杂志的编辑人员名单,我才知道执行主编原来是鼎鼎有名的师永刚。
二 18 2009
关于两段“谣言”的前后
南方周末在春节前曾经做过一期以《山寨春晚变形记》为题的头版新闻,新闻的题图是老孟开着他的宣传车停到了央视新建的大裤衩附近的空地,图中显示正在打电话。然而配图文字却让北京晚报评论员不满,于是有了《谨防新闻中的“三个倒置的W,首尾两点之间距离没那么均匀分配,中间的社区相对密集,是嘈杂的闹市。如果有时间,哪怕你走马观花也能淘聚盆花草。时节还没完全来到,有三盆依旧秃着枝丫,另外三盆冒出嫩芽, 奇怪的是有一盆居然挣扎着开出了红色小花,因为氰胺”》,这篇评论交代了南方周末这期头版新闻的题图如何而来。然而有趣的是,这篇评论的作者苏文洋,就是08年那个纷纷扰扰的春天,针对长平发表的不同声音写出《造谣自由的南都长平》的文峰。
2009年2月9日,在北京日报的京报论语版,署名北关的作者写出《媒体造假该如负何责》的评论文章再次向南方周末“发难”。这一次针对的是在汶川地杆外已经飘起了雨。盆子在阳台的右角,雨水先落在窗前铁栏杆再顺着花草的叶脉滴到盆子的土壤里。吮吸起左手的西红柿,震中,南方周末记者在北川的报道《灾后北川残酷的一面》中的一句话,也就是那句经互联网病毒式传播、发酵之后,网友为之称道的“史上最牛官腔”:“救救我,我是张书记”(详细内容请移步这里)。这一次北京日报着眼于新闻细节,貌似想以技术性击倒的方式,以新闻失实为由,批判南方周末。
昨日,在南方周末主页发布了一条通告,以南方周末职业规范委员会的名义发表的《关于汶川地杆外已经飘起了雨。盆子在阳台的右角,雨水先落在窗前铁栏杆再顺着花草的叶脉滴到盆子的土壤里。吮吸起左手的西红柿,震相关报道中涉及北川县政法委。将它们贯通的则是曲折的街巷,用铅笔在城市地图上标出,它们就构成一个字母,准确地说,应该是个倒置的W,首尾两点书母,准确地说,应该是个倒置的W,首尾两点之间距离没那么均匀分配,中间的社区相对密集,是嘈杂的闹市。如果有时间,记张周凯细节的调查结果》。针对此前北京日报发表的评论,以此作为回应。
对于一南一北这两家报社之间的三次争端,可能大家觉得显示的意义不明显,那就让我们来看两段“谣言”吧。两段均来自新闻刺客报道,仅供造谣专用:
十一 07 2008
【转贴】麦凯恩败选感言演讲
MCCAIN Thank you. Thank you, my friends. Thank you for coming here on this beautiful Arizona evening.
感谢各位。非常感谢你们,我的朋友们。感谢你们在这个美好的夜晚,来到这里。
(APPLAUSE)
My friends, we have -- we have come to the end of a long journey. The American people have spoken, and they have spoken clearly.
我的朋友们,我们已经,已经走完了这次漫长的旅程。美国人民已经说出了他们的决定,说得非常清楚。
A little while ago, I had the honor of calling Senator Barack Obama to congratulate him. (BOOING)
刚才,我非常荣幸地给奥巴马参议员打电话,向他表示祝贺。
Please. To congratulate him on being elected the next president of the country that we both love.
祝贺他当选为这个国家的下一任总统,这个我们两个都无比热爱的国家的下一任总统。
In a contest as long and difficult as this campaign has been, his success alone commands my respect for his ability and perseverance. But that he managed to do so by inspiring the hopes of so many millions of Americans who had once wrongly believed that they had little at stake or little influence in the election of an American president is something I deeply admire and commend him for achieving.
This is an historic election, and I recognize the special significance it has for African-Americans and for the special pride that must be theirs tonight.
在这场持久而且艰难的竞选活动中,他的成功赢得了我对他能力和毅力的尊敬。但是更让我赞赏的是,他激起了数以亿计的美国人民的希望。他们原本错误地以为他们自己在选举中所发挥的作用有限。这是一次历史性的选举,我承认它对非洲裔美国人的重要性,今晚的荣耀必定属于他们。
I've always believed that America offers opportunities to all who have the industry and will to seize it. Senator Obama believes that, too.
But we both recognize that, though we have come a long way from the old injustices that once stained our nation's reputation and denied some Americans the full blessings of American citizenship, the memory of them still had the power to wound.
我一直相信,美国为所有勤奋并愿意抓住机会的人提供了机会。奥巴马参议员也相信这一点。但我们都承认,尽管我们已经远离了以前的不公正,但他们的记忆仍能感受到所受到的伤害。这些不公正曾玷污了这个国家的名誉,剥夺了一些美国人应该作为美国公民应该享有的祝福。
A century ago, President Theodore Roosevelt's invitation of Booker T. Washington to dine....... at the White House was taken as an outrage in many quarters.
MCCAIN: America today is a world away from the cruel and frightful bigotry of that time. There is no better evidence of this than the election of an African-American to the presidency of the United States.
Let there be no reason now...(APPLAUSE)
Let there be no reason now for any American to fail to cherish their citizenship in this, the greatest nation on Earth. (APPLAUSE)
一个世纪以前,西奥多-罗斯福总统邀请布克-T-华盛顿在白宫共同进餐,这曾引起了许多人的愤怒。但今天的美国已经远离了那个时代的残忍以及可怕的顽固。再也没有比一位非洲裔美国人当选美国总统更能证明这一点了。我们要让所有的美国人都没有理由不珍视他们的国民身份,珍视这个地球上最伟大国家的国民身份。
Senator Obama has achieved a great thing for himself and for his country. I applaud him for it, and offer him my sincere sympathy that his beloved grandmother did not live to see this day. Though our faith assures us she is at rest in the presence of her creator and so very proud of the good man she helped raise.
奥巴马参议员实现了他个人的伟大目标,同时也实现了这个国家的目标。我为他鼓掌喝彩,同时也对他敬爱的外祖母没有活着看到这一天而表示真挚的同情。但我们的信念告诉我们,她一定是在上帝那里安息,一定会对她抚养长大的这位好人而感到自豪。
Senator Obama and I have had and argued our differences, and he has prevailed. No doubt many of those differences remain.
These are difficult times for our country. And I pledge to him tonight to do all in my power to help him lead us through the many challenges we face.
奥巴马参议员与我曾就许多分歧进行过争论,但他最终获胜了。毫无疑问许多分歧仍然继续存在。我们的国家目前正处在困难之中,但我今夜向他承诺,我将会尽我的全力来帮助他领。光线低沉,半天了都没人在楼道出现。三到五层以及第八层楼道口安有小牛奶箱,绿色房子造型,透过自身的孔被大铁钉铆导我们共同迎接目前面临的许多挑战。
I urge all Americans...(APPLAUSE)
I urge all Americans who supported me to join me in not just congratulating him, but offering our next president our good will and earnest effort to find ways to come together to find the necessary compromises to bridge our differences and help restore our prosperity, defend our security in a dangerous world, and leave our children and grandchildren a stronger, better country than we inherited.
我希望所有支持我的美国人,不仅仅是要和我一起来祝贺他,同时还要向我们的新任总统表达我们良好的心愿以及我们真诚的努力。以便大家一起就分歧达成必要的妥协,重新恢复我们的繁荣,在这个危险的世界上捍卫我们的安全,给我们的子孙们创造一个更加强大的国家,让他们在这个国家更好地生活。
Whatever our differences, we are fellow Americans. And please believe me when I say no association has ever meant more to me than that. (APPLAUSE)
MCCAIN: It is natural. It's natural, tonight, to feel some disappointment. But tomorrow, we must move beyond it and work together to get our country moving again.
We fought -- we fought as hard as we could. And though we feel short, the failure is mine, not yours.
AUDIENCE: No!
MCCAIN: I am so...
MCCAIN: I am so deeply grateful to all of you for the great honor of your support and for all you have done for me. I wish the outcome had been different, my friends.
AUDIENCE MEMBER: We do, too (OFF-MIKE)
MCCAIN: The road was a difficult one from the outset, but your support and friendship never wavered. I cannot adequately express how deeply indebted I am to you.
无论我们存在何种分歧,我们都是美国人。今夜大家感到失望非常正常。但明天,我们应该摆脱这种情绪,共同努力使我们的国家继续前行。我们努力了,我们尽了我们最大的努力,尽管没有达成目标,但这一失败是我的,而不是你们的。对于有幸获得你们的支持,以及你们为我所做的一切,我表示最深挚的感谢。我的朋友们,我也希望结果不是这样的。这条道路从一开始就充满艰辛,但你们的支持与友爱从来没有动摇,我实在找不出任何合适的词语来表达我对你们的感谢。
I'm especially grateful to my wife, Cindy, my children, my dear mother...(APPLAUSE)
... my dear mother and all my family, and to the many old and dear friends who have stood by my side through the many ups and downs of this long campaign.
I have always been a fortunate man, and never more so for the love and encouragement you have given me.
You know, campaigns are often harder on a candidate's family than on the candidate, and that's been true in this campaign.
MCCAIN: All I can offer in compensation is my love and gratitude and the promise of more peaceful years ahead.
我还特别要感谢我的妻子辛迪、我的孩子们、我亲爱的母亲以及我的家人,同时还要感谢那些在这场跌宕起伏中始终站在我一边的老朋友们。我一直都是一个幸运的人,但迄今绝对没有任何事情可以像你们的爱以及鼓励那样让我感到更幸运。大家都知道,竞选对于候选人的家人来说往往显得更为艰难,在这次的竞选过程中同样如此。我所能补偿的,就是我今后的爱、感恩的心以及宁静的承诺。
I am also -- I am also, of course, very thankful to Governor Sarah Palin, one of the best campaigners I've ever seen...(APPLAUSE)
... one of the best campaigners I have ever seen, and an impressive new voice in our party for reform and the principles that have always been our greatest strength... (APPLAUSE)
... her husband Todd and their five beautiful children... (APPLAUSE)
... for their tireless dedication to our cause, and the courage and grace they showed in the rough and tumble of a presidential campaign.
We can all look forward with great interest to her future service to Alaska, the Republican Party and our country. (APPLAUSE)
当然,我也非常感谢佩林州长,她是我见过的最好的搭档之一。我还要感谢她的丈夫托迪以及他们5个美丽的孩子,他们为我们的事业作出了不知疲倦的努力,在这次的竞选中他们表现出了勇气和优雅的风度。我们所有人都期待她未来更好地为阿拉斯加州服务,为共和党以及我们的国家服务。
To all my campaign comrades, from Rick Davis and Steve Schmidt and Mark Salter, to every last volunteer who fought so hard and valiantly, month after month, in what at times seemed to be the most challenged campaign in modern times, thank you so much. A lost election will never mean more to me than the privilege of your faith and friendship.
I don't know -- I don't know what more we could have done to try to win this election. I'll leave that to others to determine. Every candidate makes mistakes, and I'm sure I made my share of them. But I won't spend a moment of the future regretting what might have been.
对于我们竞选团队的伙伴们,从迪克-戴维斯、斯蒂汶-斯米德特、马克-萨尔特,到在这场选举中所有努力工作的志愿者,我要说谢谢你们。和你们的信任以及友情相比,这场失败了的选举根本算不了什么。我不知道,我不知道我们还要多做些什么才能赢得这场选举。每一位候选人都会犯下错误,我可以肯定我也会犯错误,但我未来绝对不会对此感到有一丝的遗憾。
This campaign was and will remain the great honor of my life, and my heart is filled with nothing but gratitude for the experience and to the American people for giving me a fair hearing before deciding that Senator Obama and my old friend Senator Joe Biden should have the honor of leading us for the next four years.
这场选举过去和将来都会是我生命中的巨大荣幸,我的心中充满了对这种经历的感谢。美国人民在选择奥巴马参议员以及我的老朋友拜登参议员来领。光线低沉,半天了都没人在楼道出现。三到五层以及第八层楼道口安有小牛奶箱,绿色房子造型,透过自身的孔被大铁钉铆导美国的下一个四年之前,给了我一个倾听的公平机会。
(BOOING) Please. Please.
I would not -- I would not be an American worthy of the name should I regret a fate that has allowed me the extraordinary privilege of serving this country for a half a century.
MCCAIN: Today, I was a candidate for the highest office in the country I love so much. And tonight, I remain her servant. That is blessing enough for anyone, and I thank the people of Arizona for it.
今天,我是我所热爱的这个国家的最高职位的一位候选人,但今夜,我却将仍然是她的一位仆人。这是对所有人的祝福,我想信亚利桑那州的人民会同意这一点。今夜,在我的心中,我比以往任何一个夜晚都更加深爱这个国家,深爱这个国家的全体国民,无论他们是投票支持了我,还是他们支持了奥巴马参议员。
(APPLAUSE)
AUDIENCE: USA. USA. USA. USA.
MCCAIN: Tonight -- tonight, more than any night, I hold in my heart nothing but love for this country and for all its citizens, whether they supported me or Senator Obama -- whether they supported me or Senator Obama.
I wish Godspeed to the man who was my former opponent and will be my president. And I call on all Americans, as I have often in this campaign, to not despair of our present difficulties, but to believe, always, in the promise and greatness of America, because nothing is inevitable here.
我向我以前的对手、未来的总统表示成功的祝福。我呼吁所有的美国人,就像我以前在竞选中说的那样,不要对我们目前的困难感到绝望,而要相信,一直相信美国的前景和伟大,因为没有什么事情是必然的。
Americans never quit. We never surrender. (APPLAUSE)
We never hide from history. We make history.
美国人绝不放弃,我们绝不投降!我们绝不逃避历史,我们创造历史!
Thank you, and God bless you, and God bless America. Thank you all very much.
谢谢。愿上帝保佑你们,愿上帝保佑美国。
十一 07 2008
【转贴】奥巴马获胜演讲全文
转载和菜头,链接点我。另有一篇华尔街日报特写报道,链接点我。
【和菜头按】以下全文是奥巴马赢得选举胜利后的演讲稿全文,在实际的演说过程中,并没有完全按照这份讲稿进行,奥巴马扩充了中间致谢部分的内容。在西方,演讲作为一种专门的课程被教授给学生,尤其是政治家们在年轻时代就娴熟地掌握了这一技巧。其中美国总统的就职演说有许多经典名篇,例如大家耳熟能详的肯尼迪总统和他的“不要问国家为你做了什么,而要问你为国家做了什么。”奥巴马尚未就职,这篇演讲是在他选举获胜后对芝加哥民众发表的演说。
在演讲的第一部分,奥巴马强调了他在法统上的合法性,通过一系列排比句暗示他是由无数美国民众发自内心地采取民我她家就有待租的房子,却又警觉的问我租这处干什么。还能干什么,我是当地民间工艺品厂的业务员,我的职业是积极地在主方式选举出来的总统。第二部分在感谢相关人士之后,奥巴马再次重申了美国精神,向民众做出了他的承诺。并号召人民和他一起并肩克难,实施变革,振兴美国。在演说的第三部分,异常巧妙地转换了表述的视角,通过讲述一个106岁的普通黑人妇女库波尔的一生,把美国历史上的危急时刻串联起来,让人民深受感动的同时又不觉得和奥巴马有所疏远,是全篇演讲最精彩的部分。最后,奥巴马重提美国梦,并把美国梦和他本人叠合,彻底完成对个人的渲染和身份的转化,几近神格。
通篇演讲中,奥巴马始终采用和人民对话的口吻,释放出强力的召唤信号,把焦点集中在美国内政之上,鼓舞民心士气,呼吁人民团结一致。同时,值得注意的是,他也非常巧妙地回避了军事外交等他不擅长的领域,只是蜻蜓点水而过,复又把演说重心移回美国国内问题。
我不知道中文翻译者是谁,但是,这个译本是昨天我所见到最完善的一个。把它张贴出来,和大家分享。需要说明的是,我在其中修改了一两处细微的地方,希望不至于影响到诸位的阅读体验。
《Change Has Come To America》
《美国的变革时代已经到来》
Hello, Chicago.
芝加哥的市民们,你们好!
If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible; who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time; who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.It’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen; by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the very first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different; that their voice could be that difference.
如果还有人对在美国是否凡事皆有可能这一点存疑,还有人怀疑美国奠基者的梦想在我们所处的时代是否依然鲜活,还有人质疑我们的民我她家就有待租的房子,却又警觉的问我租这处干什么。还能干什么,我是当地民间工艺品厂的业务员,我的职业是积极地在主制度的力量,那么今晚,这些问题都有了答案。这是设在学校和教堂的投票站前排起的前所未见的长队给出的答案;是等了三四个小时的选民所给出的答案,其中许多人都是有生以来第一次投票,因为他们认定这一次肯定会不一样,认为自己的声音会是这次大选有别于以往之所在。
It’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Latino, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled – Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been a collection of Red States and Blue States: we are, and always will be, the United States of America.
这是所有美国人民共同给出的答案--无论老少贫富,无论是民我她家就有待租的房子,却又警觉的问我租这处干什么。还能干什么,我是当地民间工艺品厂的业务员,我的职业是积极地在主党还是共和党,无论是黑人、白人、拉美裔、亚裔、原住民,是同性恋者还是异性恋者、残疾人还是健全人--我们从来不是“红州”和“蓝州”的对立阵营,我们是美利坚合众国这个整体,永远都是。
It’s the answer that led those who have been told for so long by so many to be cynical, and fearful, and doubtful of what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.
长久以来,很多人一再受到告诫,要对我们所能取得的成绩极尽讽刺、担忧和怀疑之能事,但这个答案让这些人伸出手来把握历史,再次让它朝向美好明天的希望延伸。
It’s been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this day, in this election, at this defining moment, change has come to America.
已经过去了这么长时间,但今晚,由于我们在今天、在这场大选中、在这个具有决定性的时刻所做的,美国已经迎来了变革。
I just received a very gracious call from Senator McCain. He fought long and hard in this campaign, and he’s fought even longer and harder for the country he loves. He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine, and we are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader. I congratulate him and Governor Palin for all they have achieved, and I look forward to working with them to renew this nation’s promise in the months ahead.
我刚刚接到了麦凯恩参议员极具风度的致电。他在这场大选中经过了长时间的努力奋斗,而他为自己所深爱的这个国家奋斗的时间更长、过程更艰辛。他为美国做出了我们大多数人难以想像的牺牲,我们的生活也因这位勇敢无私的领袖所做出的贡献而变得更美好。我向他和佩林州长所取得的成绩表示祝贺,我也期待着与他们一起在未来的岁月中为复兴这个国家的希望而共同努力。
I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on that train home to Delaware, the Vice President-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.
我要感谢我在这次旅程中的伙伴--已当选美国副总统的拜登。他全心参与竞选活动,为普通民众代言,他们是他在斯克兰顿从小到大的伙伴,也是在他回特拉华的火车上遇到的男男女女。
I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last sixteen years, the rock of our family and the love of my life, our nation’s next First Lady, Michelle Obama. Sasha and Malia, I love you both so much, and you have earned the new puppy that’s coming with us to the White House. And while she’s no longer with us, I know my grandmother is watching, along with the family that made me who I am. I miss them tonight, and know that my debt to them is beyond measure.
如果没有一个人的坚决支持,我今晚就不会站在这里,她是我过去16年来最好的朋友、是我们一家人的中坚和我一生的挚爱,更是我们国家的下一位第一夫人:米歇尔•奥巴马(Michelle Obama)。萨莎(Sasha)和玛丽亚(Malia),我太爱你们两个了,你们已经得到了一条新的小狗,它将与我们一起入驻白宫。虽然我的外祖母已经不在了,但我知道她与我的亲人肯定都在看着我,因为他们,我才能拥有今天的成就。今晚,我想念他们,我知道自己欠他们的无可计量。
To my campaign manager David Plouffe, my chief strategist David Axelrod, and the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics – you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what you’ve sacrificed to get it done.
我的竞选经理大卫•普劳夫(David Plouffe)、首席策略师大卫•艾克斯罗德(David Axelrod)以及政治史上最好的竞选团队--是你们成就了今天,我永远感激你们为实现今天的成就所做出的牺牲。
But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to – it belongs to you.
但最重要的是,我永远不会忘记这场胜利真正的归属--它属于你们。
I was never the likeliest candidate for this office. We didn’t start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington – it began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston.
我从来不是最有希望的候选人。一开始,我们没有太多资金,也没有得到太多人的支持。我们的竞选活动并非诞生于华盛顿的高门华第之内,而是始于得梅因、康科德、查尔斯顿这些地方的普通民众家中。
It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give five dollars and ten dollars and twenty dollars to this cause. It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation’s apathy; who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep; from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on the doors of perfect strangers; from the millions of Americans who volunteered, and organized, and proved that more than two centuries later, a government of the people, by the people and for the people has not perished from this Earth. This is your victory.
我们的竞选活动能有今天的规模,是因为辛勤工作的人们从自己的微薄积蓄中拿出钱来,捐出一笔又一笔5美元、10美元、20美元。而竞选活动的声势越来越大则是源自那些年轻人,他们拒绝接受认为他们这代人冷漠的荒诞说法;他们离开家、离开亲人,从事报酬微薄、极其辛苦的工作;同时也源自那些已经不算年轻的人们,他们冒着严寒酷暑,敲开陌生人的家门进行竞选宣传;更源自数百万的美国民众,他们自动自发地组织起来,证明了在两百多年以后,民有、民治、民享的政府并未从地球上消失。这是你们的胜利。
I know you didn’t do this just to win an election and I know you didn’t do it for me. You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead. For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime – two wars, a planet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century. Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us. There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after their children fall asleep and wonder how they’ll make the mortgage, or pay their doctor’s bills, or save enough for college. There is new energy to harness and new jobs to be created; new schools to build and threats to meet and alliances to repair.
我知道你们的所做所为并不只是为了赢得大选,我也知道你们做这一切并不是为了我。你们这样做是因为你们明白摆在面前的任务有多艰巨。因为即便我们今晚欢呼庆祝,我们也知道明天将面临我们一生之中最为艰巨的挑战---两场战争、一个面临危险的星球,还有百年来最严重的金融危机。今晚站在此地,我们知道伊拉克的沙漠里和阿富汗的群山中还有勇敢的美国士兵醒来,甘冒生命危险保护着我们。会有在孩子熟睡后仍难以入眠的父母,担心如何偿还按揭月供、付医药费或是存够钱送孩子上大学。我们亟待开发新能源、创造新的工作机会;我们需要修建新学校,还要应对众多威胁、修复与许多盟国的关系。
The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep. We may not get there in one year or even one term, but America – I have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there. I promise you – we as a people will get there.
前方的道路会十分漫长艰辛。我们可能无法在一年甚至一届任期之内实现上述目标,但我从未像今晚这样满怀希望,相信我们会实现。我向你们承诺---我们作为一个整体将会达成目标。
There will be setbacks and false starts. There are many who won’t agree with every decision or policy I make as President, and we know that government can’t solve every problem. But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face. I will listen to you, especially when we disagree. And above all, I will ask you join in the work of remaking this nation the only way it’s been done in America for two-hundred and twenty-one years – block by block, brick by brick, calloused hand by calloused hand.
我们会遭遇挫折和不成功的开端。对于我作为总统所做的每项决定和政策,会有许多人持有异议,我们也知道政府并不能解决所有问题。但我会向你们坦陈我们所面临的挑战。我会聆听你们的意见,尤其是在我们意见相左之时。最重要的是,我会请求你们参与重建这个国家,以美国221年来从未改变的唯一方式---一砖一瓦而成、胼手胝足相续。
What began twenty-one months ago in the depths of winter must not end on this autumn night. This victory alone is not the change we seek – it is only the chance for us to make that change. And that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were. It cannot happen without you.
21个月前那个寒冬所开始的一切不应该在今天这个秋夜结束。今天的选举胜利并不是我们所寻求的改变---这只是我们进行改变的机会。而且如果我们仍然按照旧有方式行事,我们所寻求的改变不可能出现。没有你们,也不可能有这种改变。
So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism; of service and responsibility where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves, but each other. Let us remember that if this financial crisis taught us anything, it’s that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers – in this country, we rise or fall as one nation; as one people.
因此,让我们发扬新的爱国精神,树立新的服务意识和责任感,让我们每个人下定决心全情投入、更加努力地工作,并彼此关爱。让我们铭记这场金融危机带来的教训:我们不可能在金融以外的领域备受煎熬的同时拥有繁荣兴旺的华尔街---在这个国家,我们患难与共。
Let us resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long. Let us remember that it was a man from this state who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to the White House – a party founded on the values of self-reliance, individual liberty, and national unity. Those are values we all share, and while the Democratic Party has won a great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back our progress. As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, “We are not enemies, but friends…though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection.” And to those Americans whose support I have yet to earn – I may not have won your vote, but I hear your voices, I need your help, and I will be your President too.
让我们抵厅的衣橱里,每件衣服都隔着一定距离,并且,保持衣橱的门敞开。鼓楼区的西北处我租了间套房,一室一厅简单装修。从住制重走老路的诱惑,避免重新回到令美国政治长期深受毒害的党派纷争和由此引发的遗憾和不成熟表现。让我们牢记,正是伊利诺伊州的一名男子首次将共和党的大旗扛到了白宫。共和党是建立在自强自立、个人自由以及全民团结的价值观上,这也是我们所有人都珍视的价值。虽然民我她家就有待租的房子,却又警觉的问我租这处干什么。还能干什么,我是当地民间工艺品厂的业务员,我的职业是积极地在主党今天晚上赢得了巨大的胜利,但我们是以谦卑的态度和弥合阻碍我们进步的分歧的决心赢得这场胜利的。林肯在向远比我们眼下分歧更大的国家发表讲话时说,我们不是敌人,而是朋友……虽然激情可能褪去,但是这不会割断我们感情上的联系。对于那些现在并不支持我的美国人,我想说,或许我没有赢得你们的选票,但是我听到了你们的声音,我需要你们的帮助,而且我也将是你们的总统。
And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, from parliaments and palaces to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of our world – our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand. To those who would tear this world down – we will defeat you. To those who seek peace and security – we support you. And to all those who have wondered if America’s beacon still burns as bright – tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from our the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals: democracy, liberty, opportunity, and unyielding hope.
那些彻夜关注美国大选的海外人士,从国会到皇宫,以及在这个世界被遗忘的角落里挤在收音机旁的人们,我们的经历虽然各有不同,但是我们的命运是相通的,新的美国领袖诞生了。那些想要 ** 这个世界的人们,我们必将击败你们。那些追求和平和安全的人们,我们支持你们。那些所有怀疑美国能否继续照亮世界发展前景的人们,今天晚上我们再次证明,我们国家真正的力量并非来自我们武器的威力或财富的规模,而是来自我们理想的持久力量:民我她家就有待租的房子,却又警觉的问我租这处干什么。还能干什么,我是当地民间工艺品厂的业务员,我的职业是积极地在主、自由、机会和不屈的希望。
For that is the true genius of America – that America can change. Our union can be perfected. And what we have already achieved gives us hope for what we can and must achieve tomorrow.
这才是美国真正的精华---美国能够改变。我们的联邦会日臻完善。我们取得的成就为我们将来能够取得的以及必须取得的成就增添了希望。
This election had many firsts and many stories that will be told for generations. But one that’s on my mind tonight is about a woman who cast her ballot in Atlanta. She’s a lot like the millions of others who stood in line to make their voice heard in this election except for one thing – Ann Nixon Cooper is 106 years old.
这次大选创造了多项“第一”,也诞生了很多将世代流传的故事。但是今天晚上令我难忘的却是在亚特兰大投票的一名妇女:安•尼克松•库波尔(Ann Nixon Cooper)。她和其他数百万排队等待投票的选民没有什么差别,除了一点:她已是106岁的高龄。
She was born just a generation past slavery; a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky; when someone like her couldn’t vote for two reasons – because she was a woman and because of the color of her skin.
她出生的那个时代奴隶制度刚刚结束;那时路上没有汽车,天上也没有飞机;当时像她这样的人由于两个原因不能投票--一是她是女性,另一个原因是她的肤色。
And tonight, I think about all that she’s seen throughout her century in America – the heartache and the hope; the struggle and the progress; the times we were told that we can’t, and the people who pressed on with that American creed: Yes we can.
今天晚上,我想到了她在美国过去一百年间所经历的种种:心痛和希望;挣扎和进步;那些我们被告知我们办不到的世代,以及那些坚信美国信条---是的,我们能做到---的人们。
At a time when women’s voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot. Yes we can.
曾几何时,妇女没有发言权,她们的希望化作泡影,但是安•尼克松•库波尔活了下来,看到妇女们站了起来,看到她们大声发表自己的见解,看到她们去参加大选投票。是的,我们能做到。
When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs and a new sense of common purpose. Yes we can.
当30年代的沙尘暴和大萧条引发人们的绝望之情时,她看到一个国家用罗斯福新政、新就业机会以及对新目标的共同追求战胜恐慌。是的,我们能做到。
When the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved. Yes we can.
当炸弹袭击了我们的海港、独落在窗前铁栏杆再顺着花草的叶脉滴到盆子的土壤里。吮吸起左手的西红柿,汁液少得离谱,还以为是瘪了的干果。我甚至以裁专集,是嘈杂的闹市。如果有时间,哪怕你走马观花也能淘到一些像样的玩意,我就常去逛,这是个人的职业习惯。巷子里叶子制威胁到全世界,她见证了美国一代人的伟大崛起,见证了一个民我她家就有待租的房子,却又警觉的问我租这处干什么。还能干什么,我是当地民间工艺品厂的业务员,我的职业是积极地在主国家被拯救。是的,我们能做到。
She was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that “We Shall Overcome.” Yes we can.
她看到蒙哥马利通了公共汽车、伯明翰接上了水管、塞尔马建了桥,一位来自亚特兰大的传教士告诉人们:我们能成功。是的,我们能做到。
A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination. And this year, in this election, she touched her finger to a screen, and cast her vote, because after 106 years in America, through the best of times and the darkest of hours, she knows how America can change. Yes we can.
人类登上月球、柏林墙倒下,世界因我们的科学和想像被连接在一起。今年,就在这次选举中,她用手指触碰屏幕投下自己的选票,因为在美国生活了106年之后,经历了最好的时光和最黑暗的时刻之后,她知道美国如何能够发生变革。是的,我们能做到。
America, we have come so far. We have seen so much. But there is so much more to do. So tonight, let us ask ourselves – if our children should live to see the next century; if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see? What progress will we have made?
美国,我们已经走过漫漫长路。我们已经历了很多。但是我们仍有很多事情要做。因此今夜,让我们自问---如果我们的孩子能够活到下个世纪;如果我们的女儿有幸活得和安一样长,他们将会看到怎样的改变?我们将会取得怎样的进步?
This is our chance to answer that call. This is our moment. This is our time – to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids; to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace; to reclaim the American Dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth – that out of many, we are one; that while we breathe, we hope, and where we are met with cynicism, and doubt, and those who tell us that we can’t, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of a people:Yes We Can.
现在是我们回答这个问题的机会。这是我们的时刻。这是我们的时代---让我们的人民重新就业,为我们的后代敞开机会的大门;恢复繁荣发展,推进和平事业;让“美国梦”重新焕发光芒,再次证明这样一个基本的真理:我们是一家人;一息尚存,我们就有希望;当我们遇到嘲讽和怀疑,当有人说我们办不到的时候,我们要以这个永恒的信条来回应他们:是的,我们能做到。
Thank you, God bless you, and may God Bless the United States of America.
感谢你们。上帝保佑你们。愿上帝保佑美利坚合众国。
十 31 2008
黑屏
Side A:反思微软“黑屏”:中国人都是孔乙己?
Side B:如果中国人是小偷,微软就是大盗
在微软,XP正版验证提示被称为“正版增值计划”,在国内,它是“黑屏”事件的导火索,引爆点。如果说对于一家企业版权自主维护活动的项目,从名字到实质内容,在理解上存在相互差异的话,那么版权的意识对于是非对错的道德判断是不是不应该有内外之别呢?
我绝对不认为版权定价太高是我们使用盗版且时刻感觉安之若素的理由,但恰恰有人打着这样的旗帜叫嚣着版权不过是垄断带来的副产品,我实在怀疑这样的文章是不是一个笑话,冷幽默?


